This study sought to test Robinson’s (1995, 2003b) cognition hypothesis by investigating the effects of cognitive task difficulty on ESL learners’ written and oral task performance. 1 Ten exchange students at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa were given four sets of picture-based narrative tasks: a simple writing task, a difficult writing task, a simple speaking task, and a difficult speaking ...

Discriminating between singing and speaking voices by using the local and global characteristics of voice signals is discussed. From the results of subjective experiments, we show that human beings can discriminate singing and speaking voices with more than 70% and 95% accuracy from 300 ms and one second long signals, respectively. From the subjective experiment results, assuming that different...

Discriminating between singing and speaking voices by using the local and global characteristics of voice signals is discussed. From the results of subjective experiments, we show that human beings can discriminate singing and speaking voices with more than 70.0% and 99.7% accuracy from 200 ms and one second long signals, respectively. From the subjective experiment results, assuming that diffe...

and Applied Analysis 3

This paper describes the modeling of various emotional expressions and speaking styles in synthetic speech using HMM-based speech synthesis. We show two methods for modeling speaking styles and emotional expressions. In the first method called style-dependent modeling, each speaking style and emotional expression is modeled individually. In the second one called style-mixed modeling, each speak...