The notion of vague ideals in pseudo MV-algebras is introduced,and several properties are investigated. Conditions for a vague set to be avague ideal are provided. Conditions for a vague ideal to be implicative aregiven. Characterizations of (implicative, prime) vague ideals are discussed.The smallest vague ideal containing a given vague set is established. Primeand implicative extension proper...

in this paper, we define the notions of ultra and involution ideals in $bck$-algebras. then we get the relation among them and other ideals as (positive) implicative, associative, commutative and prime ideals. specially, we show that in a bounded implicative $bck$-algebra, any involution ideal is a positive implicative ideal and in a bounded positive implicative lower $bck$-semilattice, the not...

The notions of a S fuzzy ∧ sub semi lattice, a S fuzzy ideal and a S fuzzy prime ideal of a bounded lattice with truth values in a bounded ∧ sub semi lattice S are introduced which generalize the existing notions with truth values in a unit interval of real numbers. Finally, S fuzzy prime ideal theorem is proved. 2010 AMS Classification: 03G10, 46H10, 06D50, 08A72

In this paper, various elementary properties of vague rings are obtained. Furthermore, the concepts of vague subring, vague ideal, vague prime ideal and vague maximal ideal are introduced, and the validity of some relevant classical results in these settings are investigated.

The aim of this paper is to generalize the‎ ‎notion of almost valuation domains to arbitrary commutative‎ ‎rings‎. ‎Also‎, ‎we consider relations between almost valuation rings ‎and pseudo-almost valuation rings‎. ‎We prove that the class of‎ ‎almost valuation rings is properly contained in the class of‎ ‎pseudo-almost valuation rings‎. ‎Among the properties of almost‎ ‎valuation rings‎, ‎we sh...

A module M is called epi-retractable if every submodule of M is a homomorphic image of M. Dually, a module M is called co-epi-retractable if it contains a copy of each of its factor modules. In special case, a ring R is called co-pli (resp. co-pri) if RR (resp. RR) is co-epi-retractable. It is proved that if R is a left principal right duo ring, then every left ideal of R is an epi-retractable ...

In this paper, we study a generalization of z-ideals in the ring C(X) of continuous real valued functions on a completely regular Hausdorff space X. The notion of a weak ideal and naturally a weak z-ideal and a prime weak ideal are introduced and it turns out that they behave such as z-ideals in C(X).

The aim of this paper is to generalize the‎‎notion of pseudo-almost valuation domains to arbitrary‎ ‎commutative rings‎. ‎It is shown that the classes of chained rings‎ ‎and pseudo-valuation rings are properly contained in the class of‎ ‎pseudo-almost valuation rings; also the class of pseudo-almost‎ ‎valuation rings is properly contained in the class of quasi-local‎ ‎rings with linearly ordere...