With an increase in the global pollution, there is requirement for an alternative to the fossil fuels. Non-edible vegetable oils are highly promising for producing liquid fuels like diesel. Jatropha is a potential feedstock for biodiesel, currently utilized in India and many parts of the world. The optimization of reaction conditions such as temperature, time, catalyst and molar ratio for biodi...

modification of natural polymers like protein by graft co-polymerization is an important method to incorporate the desired properties into the backbone. soy protein concentrate (spc) was grafted with ethylmethacrylate (ema) using ascorbic acid /potassium persulphate as redox initiator system under pressure. different reaction parameters such as reaction time, reaction pressure, solvent amount, ...

Femtosecond time resolved fluorescence upconversion was applied to determine directly the lifetime of the 1B~ + state of the carotenoid spheroidene in vitro in various polar and nonpolar solvents and in the LH-1 and LH-2 light-harvesting complexes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides at room temperature. The spheroidene IB + ~ 2A~internal conversion time varies from 150 to 250 fs in the solvents studied ...

To enhance the tenderness of meat, it can be accomplished physically or chemically. In chemical way, process using protease enzymes that obtained from fruit, higher enzyme activity, softer meat. this experiment, extract and juice melinjo skin (Gnetum gnemon L) was used to examine activity. Papaya (Carica papaya) pineapple (Ananas comosus) were as a comparison. The research conducted understand ...

In this research samples of PVOH were synthesized at various reaction conditions (temperature, time, and amount of catalyst). First at 25˚C and 45˚C and constant catalyst weight samples of PVOH were prepared with different degree of hydrolysis at various times. For investigation of the effects of temperature, at times 20 and 40 min and constant weight of catalyst PVOH was prepared at various te...

cis-polybutadiene was functionalized using in–situ generated dmd as oxidant and tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst (ptc). the epoxidation process was investigated by 1hnmr spectroscopy. 1hnmr spectrum analysis of products confirms the absence of ring opening side products in epoxidation reaction. various factors such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the concentr...