The particulate backscattering ratio (b(bp)/b(p)) is a useful indicator of the angular scattering characteristics of natural waters. Recent studies have shown evidence both for and against significant spectral variability in b(bp)/b(p) in the visible domain, but most show significant variability in its magnitude. We present results from a case study in which both backscattering and scattering c...

Southern Ocean waters enter the South Atlantic through Scotia Sea along pathways constrained by bathymetry of northern passages. We use Argo profiling-float data set to calculate water transports in and out region, focusing on balances down deepest isoneutral sampled all passages (γn = 28.0 kg m−3, located between about 500 2,000 m Drake Passage even shallower Northern Passages). Down this refe...

Proton transfer and transport in water, gramicidin and some selected channels and bioenergetic proteins are reviewed. An attempt is made to draw some conclusions about how Nature designs long distance, proton transport functionality. The prevalence of water rather than amino acid hydrogen bonded chains is noted, and the possible benefits of waters as the major component are discussed qualitativ...

There is increasing interest and concern over the impacts of mercury (Hg) inputs to marine ecosystems. One of the challenges in assessing these effects is that the cycling and trophic transfer of Hg are strongly linked to other contaminants and disturbances. In addition to Hg, a major problem facing coastal waters is the impacts of elevated nutrient, particularly nitrogen (N), inputs. Increases...

Concentrations of chlorophyll and suspended sediment are two important optically active parameters of inland water quality. In the open ocean, these two parameters can be effectively quantified by empirical algorithms relating remote sensor radiances to surface concentrations. In inland waters, however, the task becomes difficult due to the presence of suspended sediment and dissolved organic m...

the existence of ra 226 is proved and measured by radiom emanation-method in waters and food products of north , north west and north – east of iran. a total of 126 water, 249 food and 22 air samples have been examined. the concertration of ra 226 in waters found to be 0.01 to 1.104 pci/1 and in food products from 0.01 to pci/gr. ash.the amount found in due ranges from 0.003 to 0.227 pci/m 3.it...

Scale formation and well plugging due to the incompatibility of injected waters is a critical field problem in oil recovery. A water injection process was successfully performed when the identification of the source of water, water quality considerations, and laboratory compatibility tests were considered. When different waters are mixed, it is necessary to evaluate their compatibility prior to...