The effects of Low Impact Development (LID) practices on urban runoff and pollutants have proven to be positive in many studies. However, the effectiveness of LID practices can vary depending on different urban patterns. In the present study, the performance of LID practices was explored under three land uses with different urban forms: (1) a compact high-density urban form; (2) a conventional ...

this study was conducted to assess the concentration of some heavy metals and to examine their contamination hazard in atmospheric dust of urban, industrial and non-urban areas in bushehr province, southwestern iran. fifty dust samples from the leaves of the palm trees and fifty surface soil samples from bushehr and assaluyeh cities as urban and industrial areas, respectively, and also from the...

The urban environment quality is of vital importance as the majority of people now live in cities. Due to the continuous urbanisation and industrialisation in many parts of the world, metals are continuously emitted into the terrestrial environment and pose a great threat on human health. An extensive survey was conducted in the highly urbanised and commercialised Hong Kong Island area (80.3 km...

An intensive investigation was conducted to study the distribution of trace metals in surface soils of Hong Kong and to assess the soil environmental quality. From results of cluster analysis, and comparisons among soil types and areas, it is clearly shown that increases in trace metal concentrations in the soils were generally extensive and obvious in urban and orchard soils, less so in vegeta...

Urbanism directly affects the hydrological cycle. One of the ways to manage runoffs in urban areas that is considered nowadays is green roof creation. Green roof is mainly created in humid and semi-humid areas, and efficiency of green roofs in arid and semi-arid areas has attracted less attention. In the current study, to evaluate the effect of green roof in arid and semi-arid to reduce runoff,...

Effects of differences in a town’s configuration and the building surface components on urban warming were investigated. One of the most traditional and now urbanized districts in Osaka was selected as the objective. The CFD model was developed for the present district and has verified by measurement in the former study. Surface temperatures were used as boundary conditions and the air temperat...

introduction: reuse of wastewater for agricultural irrigation is increasing due to an increased demand for water resources in different parts of the world. almost 70% of deviated water from rivers and pumped groundwater is used for agriculture. if wastewater is used for irrigation in agriculture, then the amount of discharged water from natural sources will be decreased and the flow of wastewat...

The pixel purity index (PPI) and two-dimensional (2-D) scatter plots are two popular techniques for endmember extraction in remote sensing spectral mixture analysis, yet both suffer from one major drawback, that is, the selection of a final set of endmembers has to endure a cumbersome process of iterative visual inspection and human intervention, especially when a spectrally-complex urban scene...

Using a linear unconstrained least squares (LSS) method and a non-linear artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, we conducted a spectral mixture analysis to the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) image data in Yokohama city, Japan, for mapping the abundance of the urban surface components. ASTER is a newly developed research facility instrument. The spect...