Nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA) and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) have been used to test phylogeographical hypotheses. Multilocus NCPA tests null hypotheses, whereas ABC discriminates among a finite set of alternatives. The interpretive criteria of NCPA are explicit and allow complex models to be built from simple components. The interpretive criteria of ABC are ad hoc a...

BACKGROUND Among human polyomaviruses, only BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) encode an agnoprotein upstream of VP1 on the viral late transcript. BKV agnoprotein is abundantly expressed late in the viral life cycle, but specific cellular and humoral immune responses are low or absent. We hypothesized that agnoprotein might contribute to BKV immune evasion by downregulating HLA expression, simil...

This paper presents a new Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm to solve function optimization problems. The proposed approach is called OCABC, which introduces opposition-based learning concept and dynamic Cauchy mutation into the standard ABC algorithm. To verify the performance of OCABC, eight well-known benchmark function optimization problems are used in the experiments. Exper...

Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm is one of the recent population based probabilistic approach developed for global optimization. ABC is simple and has been showed significant improvement over other Nature Inspired Algorithms (NIAs) when tested over some standard benchmark functions and for some complex real world optimization problems. Memetic Algorithms also become one of the...

Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm is a swarm intelligence based nature inspired algorithm, which has been proved a competitive algorithm with some popular natureinspired algorithms. It is found that ABC is more efficient in exploration as compare to exploitation. With a motivation to balance exploration and exploitation capabilities of ABC, this paper presents an adaptive versi...

introduction: aneurysmal bone cysts (abc) are extremely rare in the head and neck region and even rarer in sinuses.  abc is a benign multicystic mass that is locally-destructive and rapidly expandable. hemorrhagic fluid content (like in this case) and septated appearance are the characteristic feature of abc. established treatment options for abcs include sclerotherapy, embolization, radiothera...