After a period of more than 15 years of political debate, the new Health Insurance Act (Zorgverzekeringswet) came into force by the first of January in 2006. HIA introduced a mandatory health insurance scheme covering all residents of the Netherlands and put an end to the old dividing line between the Sickness Fund Scheme, covering about 63 percent of the population, and private health insuranc...

Risk theory tells us if an insurer can effectively pool a large number of individuals to reduce the total risk, he then can provide the insurance by charging a premium close to the actuarially fair rate. There is, however, a common belief that the risk can be effectively pooled only when the random loss is independent, so that crop insurance markets cannot survive without government subsidy bec...

Medical Service know this Family Pension Fund to which we and all officers of the Indian Army must subscribe as a condition of appointment, and most of us are aware of a discussion which took place some time ago in the columns of the Pioneer and Truth as to the management thereof. The fund is not managed on ordinary insurance principles, nor is any insurance fund established. The contributions ...

The main motivation for this paper is the recognition of the fact that asymmetric information in the form of moral hazard and adverse selection results in sizeable efficiency losses. These costs are passed back to producers in the form of excessively high premium rates and also passed back to the government via the crop insurance subsidy program. A secondary motivation stems from a recent debat...

the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of nigerian insurance companies using data envelopment analysis (dea). because of the unavailability of the required data, the study is limited to ten nigerian insurance companies for the period of five years from 2008 to 2012. the input employed were commission expenses and management expenses, while premium and investment income...

Background Sudan established a National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) in 1995. NHIF, despite the name, is a social health insurance scheme that predominantly enrols the formal sector workers, compulsorily, and the informal sector workers, voluntarily. The Government is targeting universal health coverage by 2031, by expanding the existing scheme. This paper aims to assess the insurance enrolment...

OBJECTIVES This article aims to introduce, compare and analyze the design and development of Critical Illness Insurance systems in different parts of China under different social and economic conditions, to explain their characteristics and similarities. It may provide references to other countries, especially developing countries, to solve the problem of high medical costs. METHODS According...