Background: Estrogen-negative breast cancers have different clinical course, prognostic features and treatment response in comparison to estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancers. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncoprotein has found to have a pivotal role in natural cell growth and cell division and is suggested to be directly related to tumor invasiveness in brea...

prostate cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in iran, yet there are few studies examining risk factors specific to the iranian context. we conducted a case-control study to explore risk factors for prostate cancer in mazandaran, iran from 2005 to 2008. the cases were 137 men with clinicopathologically confirmed prostate cancer. controls were 137 neighborhood and age match men wit...

background : there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in malaysia. the aim of this study is to evaluate sociodemographic data, knowledge, awareness, practice level, and quality of life in colorectal cancer patients. methods : a cross-sectional study was conducted from december 2011 to june 2012 that involved 105 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer at four chosen tertiary gove...

Background:  Health literacy as a vital indicator of health care costs plays an important role in facilitating effective health communication strategies. Screening is one of these strategies, so that intervention and management can be provided ahead of schedule. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between health literacy and men's practices and their attitude toward   prosta...

Background: To find out those reproductive factors to incidence of breast cancer overall and by menopausal status. Materials and Methods: This was a case – control study, in which, the risk of menstrual, pregnancy- delivery and menopausal factors were determined in women with breast cancer (case) against those without (control). The risk factors stratified by menopausal status also. A total of ...

Hypermethylation of CpG islands located in the promoter regions of genes is a major event in the development of the majority of cancer types, due to the subsequent aberrant silencing of important tumor suppressor genes. KLOTHO; a novel gene associated primarily with suppressing senescence has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis as a result of its impaired function. Recently the relevance ...

Background: ATP-binding cassette membrane transporter G2 (ABCG2) gene is one of transporter family and well characterized for their association with chemoresistance. Promoter methylation is a mechanism for regulation of gene expression. O6-Methyl guanine DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) gene plays a fundamental role in DNA repair. MGMT has the ability to remove alkyl adducts from DNA at the O6 pos...