BACKGROUND Authors from the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) presented an analysis of submissions to the Common Drug Review (CDR) between 2004 and February 3, 2016 for drugs for rare disorders (disorders with a prevalence of <50 per 100,000). OBJECTIVE The aim of this analysis was to examine the same CDR submissions to evaluate whether the negative reimbursement re...

Abstract. This paper introduces GCAM-CDR 1.0, an integrated assessment model for climate policy based on the open-source Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM). extends GCAM v5.4 by enabling users to additional carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies and policies controls related CDR. New CDR include terrestrial enhanced weathering with basalt, ocean liming, versions of direct air capture. integ...

On the cover: Structures of antigen binding fragments (Fabs) of lambda versus kappa anti-HIV envelope antibodies. Structures of Fab were superimposed based on light chain variable domain and colored green/yellow (lambda antibodies) and magenta/cyan (kappa antibodies) for light/ heavy chain, respectively. The complementary region first and third of light chain (CDR L1 and CDR L3) are highlighted...

Building upon Beaudry and Koop’s (1993) analysis, we consider a “current depth of the recession” (CDR) variable in modeling the time-series behavior of the postwar quarterly U.S. unemployment rate. The CDR approach is consistent with the state-dependent behavior in the unemployment rate documented in the business-cycle asymmetry literature. We show that while the CDR effect is significant in-sa...

Mature Megalobatrachus oocytes contain 43 fig DNA per oocyte, as compared with 250 pg DNA in a hepatocyte of the same animal. Megalobatrachus oocytes respond to CdR treatment by an increased incorporation of PH]lysine into basic proteins associated with ooplasmic particles, with an optimal CdR concentration at 2 mM. The nucleolus is the most active site of [H]lysine incorporation. It is suggest...

Aberrant epigenetic changes are known to contribute to various phases of tumor development. The gene function loss caused by aberrant methylation is analogous to genetic mutations. Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations can be reversed. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of certain types of cancer, such as MDS and...

PURPOSE To assess the relationships between optic cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and age, sex, and other demographic and health characteristics in the healthy Korean population. METHODS The study design was retrospective and population-based. A total of 28,377 subjects who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2008 and 2011 were enrolled in this study. Pa...

The tumor suppressor, p53, negatively regulates cell migration and invasion in addition to its role in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and senescence. Here, we study the roles of p53 in PDGF-induced circular dorsal ruffle (CDR) formation in rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cells. In primary and immortalized RASM cells, up-regulation of p53 expression or increase in activity with doxorubicin inh...

Knowing the tertiary structure of proteins is important to predict protein function and to achieve rational drug design. However, huge amounts of money and time are needed to determine tertiary structures by experimental method. Only a small number of protein structures have been experimentally determined; therefore, prediction of the tertiary structure of proteins by computer should be of grea...