STUDY OBJECTIVE There is evidence suggesting that artificial feeding is associated with a reduction in cognitive function in infants and children, in contrast with breast feeding, but the available evidence suffers from confounding by social and educational factors. An opportunity arose in the Caerphilly cohort study to examine relations between cognitive function in older men and their feeding...

it is necessary to understand the effective factors in participation in physical activity in order to increase this activity in school students. the aim of the present study was to compare the level of physical activity between field dependent/ independent students in guidance schools of kharame city of fars province. at first 150 male students were randomly selected and after frame and rod tes...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffusion tensor imaging at term can predict later development of cerebral palsy. Less is known about its ability to independently predict cognitive and language development in extremely preterm infants. The goals of the study were to investigate the following: 1) whether regional DTI measures at term-equivalent age in extremely low-birth-weight infants (birth weight, ≤10...

We found in an earlier study that participants in a short-term treatment program for obesity showed a good weight reduction (10.4 kg) 18 months after treatment terminated. The program included elements from cognitive therapy (CT) and psychoeducation. In the present study the efficacy of a slight modification of the same treatment program (cognitive treatment group) was compared with a behaviora...

Background: Adult height, weight, and adiposity measures have been suggested by some studies to be predictors of depression, cognitive impairment, and dementia. However, the presence of confounding factors and the lack of a thorough neuropsychological evaluation in many of these studies have precluded a definitive conclusion about the influence of anthropometric measures in cognition and depres...

BACKGROUND Most studies of the associations between pre-natal or post-natal growth and cognitive ability have been based on children with pathologically slow growth measured between two time points only, rather than children with normal growth trajectories estimated from multiple measures of growth. METHODS We investigated the associations of pre-natal and post-natal trajectories in both weig...

In the United States black women have for decades been twice as likely as white women to give birth to babies of low birth weight who are at elevated risk for developmental disabilities. Does the black-white disparity in low birth weight contribute to the racial disparity in readiness? The author summarizes the cognitive and behavioral problems that beset many low birth weight children and note...