one of the worst phenomena in a muslim’s life is apostasy. an apostate has renounced the faith and denies the principles and precepts of religion after accepting it. if either parent or both are muslims and their child accepted islam after his maturity, but he denied it later, he/she is called a natural apostate. however, if a person was born to a non-muslim family and converted to islam after ...

This paper presents a model for analysing IT outsourcing maturity in organizations. Organizations outsource their IT for reasons such as cost reduction, access to superior skill sets, focus on core competence, and strategic objectives. Organizations that outsource the development, operational and management of their IT activities to other companies are at various levels of maturity. This study ...

in male reproductive success, and thus amplifies pre-copulatory sexual selection [4]. In red flour beetles, for example, male precopulatory attractiveness is positively associated with success during sperm competition [5], and in guppies, more ornamented males sire more offspring when the sperm of two males are artificially inseminated in equal numbers [6]. Male mating advantage more generally ...

The ability of dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists to disrupt anticipatory and consummatory measures of sexual behavior displayed by male rats in bilevel chambers was investigated. In Experiment 1, systemic administration of haloperidol, pimozide, and the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 reduced the number of anticipatory level changes (LC) displayed during a 5-min period before the introduction of a sex...

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The function of nuptial gifts has generated longstanding debate. Nuptial gifts consumed during ejaculate transfer may allow males to transfer more ejaculate than is optimal for females. However, gifts may simultaneously represent male investment in offspring. Evolutionary loss of nuptial gifts can help elucidate pressures driving their evolution. In most katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), ma...