in this paper a mesh-free model of the functionally graded material (fgm) plate is presented.  the piezoelectric material as a sensor and actuator has been distributed on the top and bottom of the plate, respectively. the formulation of the problem is based on the classical laminated plate theory (clpt) and the principle of virtual displacements. moreover, the particle swarm optimization (pso) ...

. introduction if environmental hazards, including those with atmospheric origin and terrestrial origin cause economic and human life losses for human societies, they would be considered as disasters. terrestrial hazards, which mostly occur as catastrophic, may have economic and human life damages when they occur in a small scale but with high intensity. mass movements are among the most import...

Functionally graded aluminium/zirconia metal matrix composite was fabricated using stir casting technique followed by horizontal centrifugal casting process and a hollow cylindrical functionally graded composite (150 x 150 x 16 mm) was obtained with centrifuging speed of 1200 rpm. The microstructural evaluation and hardness test was carried out on the outer and inner surface of the functionally...

A superhydrophobic aluminum surface was fabricated through an enhanced low-cost approach and the effects of several relevant factors on static contact angle and sliding angle were investigated. First, the operating parameters including the etching time as well as the reaction time and temperature were varied. Next, the so-called chemical factors including three different fatty acids and five di...

Basal sliding is one of the most important components in the dynamics of fastflowing glaciers, but remains poorly understood on a theoretical level. In this paper, the problem of glacier sliding with cavitation over hard beds is addressed in detail. First, a bound on drag generated by the bed is derived for arbitrary bed geometries. This bound shows that the commonly used sliding law, τb = Cub ...

A solution technique for the dynamic analysis of asymmetric base-isolated buildings, subject to earthquake ground motion, is presented. To develop the formulation, a yield surface as a function of both shear force and torsion moment of the sliding surface with rigid perfectly plastic behavior is constituted. To achieve the objective, the yield stress is defined by the friction coefficient throu...