The present study examined the acquisition of anaphora in English by Iranian EFL learners as well as Persian speaking children. To do so, the study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, 40 intermediate female and male EFL learners were selected from Puyan Institute in Takestan, Iran. Then, an off-line based Grammatical Judgment Task was administered. In the second phase, 40 female ...

The main purpose of the study reported in this paper was to examine the interrelationships between L2 risk-taking, English learning motivation, L2 speaking anxiety, linguistic confidence, and low-proficiency English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ speaking complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). A secondary purpose was to test whether task repetition can influence the level of the mentio...

Page 2 of 215 Abstract Embodied Conversational Agents (ECA) seek to provide a more natural means of interaction for a user through conversation. ECA build on the dialogue abilities of spoken dialogue systems with the provision of a physical or virtual avatar. The rationale for this Thesis is that an ECA should be able to support a form of conversation capable of understanding both the content a...

An exploratory study of a Map Task dialogue indicates that dialogue participants coordinate on an ad-hoc vocabulary and associated concepts (meanings) to enable information exchange, and that ad-hoc vocabularies can be cobbled together from a heterogeneous mix of “micro-vocabularies” borrowed from various other (a priori unrelated) domains. To account for these observations, we sketch a basic f...

The main purpose of the present quasi-experimental study was to investigate the effects of linear process versus genre-based approach on EFL learners’ written production. To this end, 40 learners of English at intermediate level were randomly selected as the participants of the study and assigned into two groups of experimental (process and genre) which received different types of instruction f...

The article discusses the opera-ballad Powrót taty (Father’s return) in a musical edition by Henryk Jarecki with libretto Jan Gołębiowski. Its goal is to present manners of building character and narrative. Apart from characteristic features ballad, text also category an oral poet, “storyteller” dialogue relation (“speaking” instead “talking”.) These are means that gave Mickiewicz’s ballad new ...

When people engage in conversation, they adapt the way they speak to the speaking style of their conversational partner in a variety of ways. For example, they may adopt a certain way of describing something based upon the way their conversational partner describes it, or adapt their pitch range or speaking rate to a conversational partner’s. They may even align their turn-taking style or use o...