The need for oil and natural gas as a major source of energy is vital. On the one hand, it has affected the political and economic equations at the international, regional and national level. On the other hand, it has had negative effects on sociocultural, legal, and environmental aspects as well as on the physical and mental health of human beings. Therefore, the need to provide an environment...

This memorandum analyses the fundamental characteristics of the natural gas market and its consequences for government policies. In the past, the European gas market was dominated by state-owned monopolists but since the start of the liberalisation, privatisation and re-regulation in the early 1990s, the market has fundamentally changed. Nevertheless, governments are still involved in the gas i...

The evidence on public health regulation of the unconventional gas extraction (fracking) industry was examined using a rapid evidence assessment of fifteen case studies from multiple countries. They included scientific and academic papers, professional reports, government agency reports, industry and industry-funded reports, and a nongovernment organization report. Each case study review was st...

Methane is one of the most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gases, whose global warming potential and sources are well documented. The natural gas industry is a major source of methane emissions. In 2001, unintended (fugitive) leaks from valves, piping connectors, open-ended lines, and pump and compressor seals totaled 3.9 Tg (58% of total U.S. emissions from the natural gas industry). In t...

Methane is one of the most serious greenhouse gases contributing to irreversible climate change. The contribution of methane emissions from leaking pipelines and the expected increased throughput through the pipelines prompted the natural gas industry to set a goal of reducing emissions by 50% by 2010. The integrity of the pipelines is critical to the safety of the gas transportation infrastruc...

Natural gas has an increasing role in Chinese energy transformation. We present a system dynamics model of the natural gas industry in China. A new system dynamics model for natural gas companies based on reserve exploration and well construction as well as investment dynamics is proposed. The contribution of the paper is to analyze the influence of technology, investment and policy factors on ...

Formation of natural gas hydrate is a serious problem in the gas and oil industry because it can plug pipelines and destroy the equipment. This study aimes to evaluate the concentration effect of glycol ethers on their synergism with a commercial kinetic hydrate inhibitor (Luvicap 55W) in sweet natural gas-water systems at a constant temperature of 4 oC and pressure of 95 bar. Hydrate formation...

Concerns about atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases and operation costs are converging to increase incentives for both the electric utility and magnesium industries to rapidly locate and repair equipment leaks (Irwin, 1997). The primary culprit is sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), an invisible, non-hazardous, inert gas with near-perfect dielectric properties that is used as an insulating gas in h...