[1] This study shows that the surface buoyancy conditions in the Northern Hemisphere may influence the stratification and transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). We use a course-resolution ocean general circulation model (OGCM) in an idealized single-basin configuration with a circumpolar channel. A decrease in the magnitude of the surface temperature meridional gradient in the No...

the present paper evaluates the effect of investment risk spillover on key economic indicators using a CGE model and the GTAP.9 database have been used for this purpose. Two scenarios of 10% and 3% increase in investment risk are considered in order to investigate the effect of these changes according to a recent trend analysis of economic indicators in Iran and the trend of the Iranian economy...

The present paper examines ways in which the seasonal cycle influences the evolution of El Niño in the tropical Pacific. The following hypotheses and associated physical mechanisms are investigated: (i) Hypothesis 1 (H1)—the seasonal warming of the cold tongue early in the calendar year (January–April) favors the initial growth of an event; (ii) hypothesis 2 (H2)—during an event, the warm surfa...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a technique that uses all collected observations to measure performance. this method presents no data about how to operate on dmu. the present research attempted to study a unit with all its subunits, if the unit is efficient, it means that all its subunits are efficient too and if it is an inefficient, it shows clearly that which one of the subunits makes ine...

(I) Ocean State Estimation [1, 2] I Given: – a set of (possibly different types of) observations – a numerical model & set of initial / boundary conditions I Question: (estimation / optimal control problem) Find optimal trajectory consistent with observations within prior error I Approach: Minimize least square function J (~u) measuring model vs. data misfit −→ seek ~ ∇uJ (~u) to infer update ∆...

Article history: The isotopic composition of Received 18 April 2008 Received in revised form 25 July 2008 Accepted 29 July 2008 Available online 7 September 2008 Editor: M.L. Delaney

In service sector, there are challenges in keeping an optimum balance between customers' demand and availability of resources. This problem is going to be more intense in the health sector due to the fact that both arrival and service times are random. Therefore, designing the service environment by keeping the optimum balance between customers’ demand and available resources is becoming a seri...