The question of compatibility of differential paths plays a central role in second order collision attacks on hash functions. In this context, attacks typically proceed by starting from the middle and constructing the middle-steps quartet in which the two paths are enforced on the respective faces of the quartet structure. Finding paths that can fit in such a quartet structure has been a major ...

The reliability and validity of two tests (cold water and reactive hyperaemia) designed to confirm a patient's history of vibration induced white finger were studied. The cold water test is a measure of digital rewarming after hand immersion in cold water. Reactive hyperaemia consists of measuring digital rewarming after cold water immersion plus temporary ischaemia imposed on the hand. For ten...

Trigeminal neuralgia is a well recognized clinical entity. However, it has not been reported to mimic leprosy or vice versa. Of the 3 cases reported here, 2 initially presented with neuralgic symptoms similar to that seen in trigeminal neuralgia and later developed borderline lesions on the face. The 3rd case demonstrated a tingling sensation along with firm and palpable supraorbital nerve (a b...

White lupins (Lupinus albus L.) respond to phosphate deficiency by producing special root structures called cluster roots. These cluster roots secrete large amounts of carboxylates into the rhizosphere, mostly citrate and malate, which act as phosphate solubilizers and enable the plant to grow in soils with sparingly available phosphate. The success and efficiency of such a P-acquisition strate...

In their 2006 annual data report, the USRDS reported that after years of considerable growth, the rate of new patients taken into renal replacement therapy (RRT) has begun to decrease slightly. Between 2002 and 2004, the overall incidence rate adjusted for age and sex declined by 1.1% to reach 339 per million population (pmp). This decline included a reduction in the incidence rate of RRT for d...

The paper presents a game theoretic model of technology cooperation where a developing country firm has the options of either developing an innovation alone, purchasing information or collaborating with a developed country firm. Technology cooperation changes the probability of success of commercialization.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.