Subjective equine personality questionnaires have the potential to predict a range of industry-relevant outcomes including fear reactivity, compliance with human cues, pain expression and susceptibility stereotypies, in time- cost-efficient manner. However, produce meaningful measures target animals’ behavioural tendencies, subjective assessment tools must satisfy four criteria: internal consis...

Questionnaires have obtained a rather ambivalent reputation as a research instrument. Although they can be very useful, designing a good questionnaire takes considerable effort and thinking. Two things that are not always around, it seems. Not surprisingly, we all have come across some, to put it mildly, terrible questionnaires. Sitting down for five minutes to write down a number of questions ...

Red mark syndrome (RMS) is a widespread skin disease of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) . Its aetiological agent believed to be Midichloria -like organism, an intracellular bacteria the order Rickettsiales. RMS has been reported on several occasions, however, comprehensive analysis epidemiology this and its actual economic impact aquaculture industry missing. Through questionnaire-based su...