نتایج جستجو برای: instrumental and non
تعداد نتایج: 17009768 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
building on previous studies on intellectual features and learners’ grammar learning, the present study aimed at investigating whether intelligence criterion had any impact on efl learners’ english grammar learning across two intelligence levels. in the current study, the participants were divided into two experimental and control groups by administration of raven i.q. test. this led to the for...
in reality, most structures involved in geotechnical engineering are three dimensional in nature, and although in many, plane strain or axisymmetric approximations are reasonable, there are some, for which 3-d treatment is required. the quantity of data, and the size of the various vectors and matrices involved in such analysis, increase dramatically. this has sever implications for computer r...
This note deals with a class of covariates that tends to amplify confounding bias in the analysis of causal effects. This class, recently discovered by Wooldridge (2009), includes instrumental variables and variables that have greater influence on treatment selection than on the outcome. We extend the results of Wooldridge by considering non-linear models and show that, 1. the bias-amplifying p...
in recent years, there has been a growing interest among researchers to investigate the relationship betweenteacher self-efficacy and classroom behavior management, especially students misbehavior. therefore, this study aimed to comparatively investigate english and arabic teachers’ use of different behavior managementstrategies, their self-efficacy, and their success in an iranian context. th...
Over the past few years, various novel approaches have been applied to the evaluation of interactive systems. Particularly, the importance of two categories of concepts has been emphasized: non-instrumental qualities and emotions. In this paper we present an application of an integrative approach to the experimental study of instrumental and non-instrumental quality perceptions as well as emoti...
for several years, researchers in familiarity of efl teachers with post-method and its role in second and foreign language learners’ productions have pointed out that the opportunity to plan for a task generally develops language learners’ development (ellis, 2005). it is important to mention that the critical varies in language teaching was shown is the disappearances of the concept of method ...
abstract: the present study was undertaken to investigate whether 1) there is any significant correlation between iranian efl/eap learners’ l2 writing proficiency and their willingness to communicate, 2) there is any significant difference between efl and eap learners in terms of willingness to communicate, 3) there is any significant difference in wtc of iranian efl/eap learners with 1- nati...
One experiment with rats used Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tests to explore potential competitive interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental processes during instrumental learning. Two instrumental response-outcome relations (e.g., left lever - grain pellets, right lever - sucrose pellets) were first trained in distinct contexts for one group of rats (Group Differential) or in ...
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