The paper studies the phenomenon of poverty in underdeveloped/third-world countries, particularly within context and failure international organizations Sub-Saharan Africa. article analyzes that increasing problem region’s countries/Africa is a replication such as IMF World Bank policies countries. Despite some projects Millennium Development Goals (MDG), Sustainable (SDG), many more by United ...

This article introduces the data of the log real GDP per capita ratio and the log real exchange rate which are used to revisit the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis. We acquired the data from IMF and World Bank database, and provide the name and source of the data. All data are openly accessible. Besides, we describe the value of data as well as the method to process the data which can also be found...

Inspired by the studies of Bruno Latour, the article aims to illustrate the ways in which policymaking is being made within a ‘heterogeneous network’ of humans and non-humans. Through an analysis of a controversy, it argues that the policymaking process is amore complicated andmultidimensional process, which cannot be simply comprehended within the framework of predetermined roles and structure...

When it became clear that Southeast Asian developmentalist dictatorships were no longer developing economically during the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98, the global discourse of good governance suddenly threatened their hold on power. Long praised by the doyens of international finance for their developmental successes despite massive human rights violations, the authoritarian regimes of th...

mazandaran province is one of the most important agricultural areas in iran. researches findings show that the role of bank credits is really important due to the lack of available funds in agricultural sector. in this study, the relationship between allocation of agricultural bank credits of iran as professional bank section and agricultural employment was studied in the mazandaran province ba...

The stock of sovereign debt is typically measured at face value. Defined as the undiscounted sum of future principal repayments, face values are misleading when debts are issued with different contractual forms or maturities. In this paper, we construct alternative measures of the stock of external sovereign debt for 100 developing countries from 1979 through 2006 that correct for differences i...

The first steps towards Health Technology Assessment (HTA) were taken in Romania between 1992-2002 when some form of mentorship was performed in this area with Canadian support [1]; later on, from 2002 to 2011 HTA remained a subject only for the academic and research purposes. Only the pressure brought by the Memorandum of Understanding between Romanian Government with International Monetary Fu...