" The sea! the sea! the open sea! The blue, the fresh, the ever free! " —Bryan W. Procter, ca. 1837 There appears to have been little consideration given to the concept of marine reserves in open-ocean ecosystems , whereas a large number of protected areas for coastal marine and estuarine ecosystems have been or are now being developed around the world (Agardy 1994; Rowley 1994). We argue that,...

this article reviews past developments of the shanghai cooperation organization (sco) and studies its potentialities in the areas of economy, trade, investment, energy and military power. a study conducted on statistical information of the sco state members shows that the organisation has the capacity to be turned into one of the biggest international hubs in the fields of economy, trade, forei...

This paper analyzes an exchange economy in which several assets serve as stores of value and where agents have completely heterogeneous preferences and endowments. It describes the set of perfect foresight equilibria in which all assets have positive prices. There are international policies with determinate exchange rates if the world economy satisfies a strong efficiency criterion. Also, the c...

Phosphate rock (PR) is a finite mineral indispensable for fertilizer production, while P (phosphorus) is a major pollutant if applied or discharged in excess, causing widespread eutrophication (Carpenter and Bennet, 2011). High-grade PR is obtained from deposits which took millions of years to form and which are gradually being depleted. Recently, global PR reserves as reported by the US Geolog...

Foreign exchange reserves are used to see how far a country can conduct international trade and show the strength weakness of country's economic fundamentals. Factors that affect foreign debt, exports, imports, rupiah rate, inflation rate. These factors will bring many advantages benefits in increasing reserves. But there still some do not The purpose this study was determine effect Al-Sharf ex...