purpose : to report two cases of retinoblastomas detected by “white pupillary reflex” end-gaze leukocoria via flash photographs reported by parents case reports : retinoblastoma, a malignant ocular tumor, can be manifested by leukocoria. herein, we report two cases, a 4-year-old boy and a 5-year-old girl, presented with the parents' chief complaint of end-gaze leukocoria. in further evalua...

BACKGROUND Cancer affects not only the patient but also their entire family, especially adolescents. Adolescents whose parents are ill may manifest their distress through changes in school performance, physical complaints of pain and discomfort, as well as changes in social and interpersonal relations. There has been very little research about the effects of cancer on adolescents in Iran. OBJ...

OBJECTIVE There are several problems associated to the management of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). Social status could be one of the affecting factors on dietary adherence in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate family social status and dietary adherence of PKU patients in Iranian population. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we studied 105 Iranian PKU patients (born...

The aim of this study was to identify the genetic basis of a chorioretinal dystrophy with high myopia of unknown origin in a child of a consanguineous marriage. The proband and ten family members of Iranian ancestry participated in this study. Linkage analysis was carried out with DNA samples of the proband and her parents by using the Human SNP Array 6.0. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was perfo...

Abstract Objective: Nocturnal enuresis is a common psychosocial concern for both parents and children. In the present study we have determined the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in Urmia, Iran children and associated personal and familial factors with this problem. Methods: A cross sectional epidemiological study for detection of nocturnal enuresis prevalence rate and evaluation of associated...