Current developments in western Asia suggest three new identity models have started to form and compete. Main inquiry of this article is to know what relation is there between these models. Hypothesis of the article proposes that through reproduction of the identity in an evolving process, each one of these identities has undertaken a role based on their historical identity and in a social grou...

One of the main factors leading to the collapse of USSR is soft and non-military aspect. Unlike western and US attitude toward USSR's disintegration that attributes this event to themselves and their measures especially soft and media war, Islamic revolution of Iran has been ignored while it is the most basic phenomenon that has deeply influenced disintegration of USSR. Two key factors should ...

In this article the relationship between market return and volatility is examined by applying out- of- sample methodology and ARCH (M) class models in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and international stock exchanges. The results are inconsistent with portfolio theory implications in NASDAQ, ISE and TSE. However I found only negative relationship between unexpected volatility and monthly return...

Shiites of the Islamic world theoretically enjoy a specific political viewpoint, however practically they support different governments in current conditions of the Islamic world. Although different factors may be at play, but the hypothesis of this article is that Shiite's geographical and geopolitical status play an important role in their practical support of these different models. Therefor...