نتایج جستجو برای: order oriented and top
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L. Walker This paper discusses the use of service-oriented architecture (SOA) as one of the key elements supporting business transformation at IBM. It describes the internal SOA strategy, SOA governance, organizational impacts, and several IBM internal SOA case studies. The top-down and bottom-up approaches to promoting SOA within the enterprise are also illustrated, along with a set of SOA bus...
An Interorganizational Business Process (IOBP) is an organized group of joined activities carried out by two or more organizations to achieve a common business objective. A consequence of this is that business process modelling and design used inside an organization have to be enhanced and extended to cope with interorganizational business particularities. Thus, methods are required to describe...
This paper discusses an approach for top-down composition of software architectures. First, an architecture is derived that addresses functional requirements only. This architecture contains a number of variability points which are next filled in to address quality concerns. The quality requirements and associated architectural solution fragments are captured in a so-called Feature-Solution (FS...
In this age of complex business landscapes, many enterprises turn to SOA for aligning their IT portfolio with their business. Because of the enormous business risk involved with replacing an enterprise’s IT landscape, a stepwise migration to SOA is required. As a first step, they need to understand and assess the current structure of their legacy systems. Based on existing reverse engineering t...
The principal aim of the GOLD project (Grid-based Information Models to Support the Rapid Innovation of New High Value-Added Chemicals) is to carry out research into enabling technology to support the formation, operation and termination of Virtual Organisations (VOs). This technology has been implemented in the form of a set of middleware components, which address issues such as trust, securit...
learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...
Service Oriented Enterprises (SOEs) outsource their functionalities via third party web services. Therefore, there is a need for a systematic approach to manage the cooperation of the services. SOEs perform their functionalities in an extremely dynamic environment. Changes that happen to a SOE are categorized in two types: top-down changes and bottom-up changes. This paper considers top-down ch...
abstract in written mode of language, metadiscourse markers are used commonly to help writers in general and academic writers in particular to produce coherent and professional texts. the purpose of the present study was to compare introduction sections of applied linguistics and physics articles regarding their use of interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers based on the model pro...
the aim of conducting this study was to investigate the foreign language learning needs of undergraduate economics students and business management students in faculties of social sciences of alzahra and azad naragh university. in the study, which was designed on the basis of a qualitative-quantitative basis using interviews and questionnaires, 146 female undergraduate business management as we...
the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of task repetition on accuracy of iranian efl learners ’speaking ability. in order to achieve this purpose, a null hypothesis was developed: there is no statistically significant difference between accuracy speaking ability in iranian efl learners by use of task repetition. ; of course i should mention that, beside this null hypothesis, an...
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