We consider panel count data which are frequently obtained in prospective studies involving recurrent events that are only detected and recorded at periodic assessment times. The data take the form of counts of the cumulative number of events detected at each inspection time, along with explanatory covariates. Examples arise in diverse areas such as epidemiological studies, medical follow-up st...

We analyze labor productivity in coal mining in the United States using indices of productivity change associated with the concepts of panel data modeling. This approach is valuable when there is extensive heterogeneity in production units, as with coal mines. We ̄nd substantial returns to scale for coal mining in all geographical regions, and ̄nd that smooth technical progress is exhibited by ...

Panel data analysis is a method of studying a particular subject within multiple sites, periodically observed over a defined time frame. Within the social sciences, panel analysis has enabled researchers to undertake longitudinal analyses in a wide variety of fields. In economics, panel data analysis is used to study the behavior of firms and wages of people over time. In political science, it ...

We explain the proliferation of panel data studies in terms of (i) data availability, (ii) the more heightened capacity for modeling the complexity of human behavior than a single cross-section or time series data can possibly allow, and (iii) challenging methodology. Advantages and issues of panel data modeling are also discussed.

The upsurge of Chinese and Indian outward foreign direct investment (FDI) raises an unanswered question about locational determinants of direct investment from the two countries. Using an unbalanced bilateral FDI database, we find that Chinese and Indian FDI are attracted to countries with large market size, low GDP growth, high volumes of imports from China or India, and low corporate tax rate...

oil sector is the most effective sector in these countries. oil is the most important product that world industries use as the cheapest energy. the price of oil depends on the world’s supply and demand and many economic, political and geographical variables. this is the reason why the price of oil has fluctuations. the fluctuations in oil price lead to fluctuate in the oil revenues of the membe...