We apply the two-sector production function developed by Ram (1986) to estimate the threshold regression model for Iran, concerning the effect of government size on economic growth. Three government size indicators are used to find out the different threshold points. The results show a non-linear relationship of the Armey curve in Iran, in which the threshold effects corresponding to total gove...

The civil aviation sector is an important type of transportation that connects millions people, stimulates tourism, and accelerates commercial change, stimulating the economy bringing cultures together. Especially speed economic power it provides carries air to top ranks compared other types. With rapid growth airline service sector, issue climate change attracts more attention due its increasi...

Assessing the Threshold Level of Ownership Structure and its Relationship with Tax Avoidance in Security Market: A Nonlinear Smooth Transition Regression Approach

Legal environmental regulation is not only an important tool for green technology innovation and energy efficiency improvement, but also a key measure enterprise upgrading high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of China’s listed companies from 2010 to 2020, this paper finds that legal has significant positive impact technological by using SYS-GMM. And threshold regression mo...

This paper proposes a new approach for analyzing the dynamic relationships between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy use, and income Middle East North African (MENA) region. Our study implements class of regime-switching models, namely nonlinear panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) framework. Two kinds estimates emissions are provided. On one hand, we measure impact consumption on CO2...