abstract the purpose of this study is twofold: on the one hand, it is intended to see what kind of noticing-the –gap activity (teacher generated vs. learner generated) is more efficient in teaching l2 grammar in classroom language learning. on the other hand, it is an attempt to determine which approach of the noticing-the-gap- activity is more effective in the long- term retention of grammar...

the rationale behind the present study is that particular learning strategies produce more effective results when applied together. the present study tried to investigate the efficiency of the semantic-context strategy alone with a technique called, keyword method. to clarify the point, the current study seeked to find answer to the following question: are the keyword and semantic-context metho...

abstract the first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising (c-r) activities on learning grammatical structures (simple present tense in this case) by iranian guidance school efl learners. the second one was to investigate the effect of gender on learning the simple present tense through c-r activities and tasks. finally, this study aimed to investigate the ...

this study sought to examine the effect of cooperative game on iranian students achievements in english alphabet learning. cooperative games are games, in which players or teams work together towards a common goal without defeating someone. the methodology used in this study was experimental. the population of the study was 60 female students from the grade one in secondary school in tabriz, ir...

the ability to speak two languages in the world is a remarkable achievement. there is a good reason to believe that bilingualism is the norm for the majority of people in the world because 70% of the earth’s population are supposed to be bilingual or multilingual. various investigations have shown that the native language impacts foreign word recognition, and this influence is adapted by the de...

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

در سال ‎1940‎ ،اولام ‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎ سوالی درباره نگاشت های تقریبی مطرح کرد به این مضمون که ((تحت چه شرایطی یک همریختی تقریبی به یک همریختی نزدیک می شود؟(( در سال ‎1941‎ ،هایرز‎‎جوابی مثبت به سوال اولام درفضاهای باناخ ارائه داد در واقع ثابت کرد اگر ‎ ‎??0 و f:x?y‎ نگاشتی از فضای نرم دار ‎ x ‎ به فضای باناخ ‎ y باشد به طوری که ‎‎ ?f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)??? (x,y?x) (1) آن گاه نگاشت جمعی منحصر به فرد t:x?...

مارتیندل در سال 1969 نشان داده است که هیچ اتحاد خطی ناصفر روی یک حلقه اول وجود ندارد. در این پایان نامه که برگرفته از مقاله ‏‎p. h. lee and t. k. lee, "leinear identities and commuting maps in ring with involution", comm, a lg ebra. 25 (9), 2881 - 2895(1997)‎‏ است، قضیه اتحاد خی مارتیندل را تعمیم می دهیم و ثابت می کنیم که هیچ اتحاد ناصفر روی زیر مجموعه متقارن از یک حلقه اول بازگشتی از مشخصه مخا...