Mini-channel (D = 2.54 mm) and micro-channel (D = 510 pm) heat sinks with a 1-cm heated surface were tested for their high heat flux performance with flow boiling ofR-113. Experimental results yielded CHF values in excess of 200 W cm~ for flow rates less than 95 ml min~ (0.025 gpm) over a range of inlet subcooling from 10 to 32° C. Heat diffusion within the heat sink was analyzed to ascertain t...

This paper outlines a taxonomy of neural pulse codes and reviews neurophysiological evidence for interspike interval-based representations for pitch and timbre in the auditory nerve and cochlear nucleus. Neural pulse codes can be divided into channel-based codes, temporal-pattern codes, and time-of-arrival codes. Timings of discharges in auditory nerve fibers reflect the time structure of acous...

As a major part of world languages, tonal languages are spoken in every continent except for Australia. In a tonal language, voice pitch variation (i.e., tone) at the monosyllabic level is a segmental structure that conveys lexical meaning of a word (Duanmu 2000). Mandarin Chinese, a tonal language, is spoken by more people than any other single language, including non-tonal languages. While so...

Temporal models of pitch and harmonic segregation call for delays of up to 30 ms to cover the full range of existence of musical pitch. To date there is little anatomical or physiological evidence for delays that long. We propose a mechanism by which delays may be synthesized from cross-channel phase interaction. Phases of adjacent cochlear filter channels are shifted by an amount proportional ...

Changes in vertical larynx position during singing were studied in professional singer subjects using the two-channel electroglottograph recently presented by Rothenberg (1992). The evaluation of the method and the examination of the laryngeal behaviors of professionnl singers were the main aims of the study. The significance of pitch, vocal loudness and lung volume to vertical larynx position ...

 longevity of osseointegrated implants are intensely influenced by biomechanical factors. Control of these factors prevents mechanical complications, which include fracture of screws, components, or materials veneering the framework. In this study, the impact of length and threads pitch of dental implants on the stress distribution and maximum Von Mises stress in implant-abutment complex and ja...