Dena Biosphere Reserve located in Iran and is a 550 Biosphere Reserve in the worlds. This research was investigated in the two protected and non-protected areas, in a Dena Biosphere Reserve, Kohkeloye va Boyrahmad province, and central zagros forest, southwest of Iran. Inventory methods designed by systemetic-randomaiz method by use the rectangular plots that were 15×30 meters in the 100×100 m ...

Observations of the Sun with the LOWL instrument provide a homogeneous set of solar p-mode frequencies from low to intermediate degree which allows one to determine the structure of much of the solar interior avoiding systematic errors that are introduced when different data sets are combined, i.e., principally the effects of solar cycle changes on the frequencies. Unfortunately, the LOWL data ...

New types of ultraviolet (UV)-blocking materials, such as polyethylene films and nets, have been developed in recent years as a very promising tool to control insect vectors of plant disease threatening greenhouse crops. UV-blocking materials have properties to filter the UV radiation (280-400 nm) interfering with the vision of insects and in consequence, their behaviour related with movement, ...

C hemical control methods against illicit drug crops in producer countries have long been a fixture of the 20-year U.S. war on drugs. In 1998, President Bill Clinton unveiled *an unprecedented $16 billion antidrug initiative that induded a generous allotment for applying herbicides to crops in drug-producing nations. The U.S. initiative follows protocols outlined in the 1988 United Nations (UN)...

Natural areas have been reserved for thousands of years. However, the reasons for reservation have changed with time. Natural areas management objectives have changed from personal/individual human needs to environmental protection. Unlike old protected areas, new protected areas have multiple management objectives. The management objectives changed from protection for now to protection for the...

BACKGROUND A major global challenge is to provide agricultural production systems that are able to sustain growing demands for food, feed, fibre and renewable raw materials without exacerbating climate change. Detailed and reliable data on the CO(2) balance of different agricultural management activities and inputs as a basis to quantify carbon footprints of agriculture are still lacking. This ...

We study a random walk on Z which evolves in a dynamic environment determined by its own trajectory. Sites flip back and forth between two modes, p and q. R consecutive right jumps from a site in the q-mode are required to switch it to the p-mode, and L consecutive left jumps from a site in the p-mode are required to switch it to the q-mode. From a site in the p-mode the walk jumps right with p...