This paper presents a virtual private network traffic pricing model with first-in-first-out and round-robin bandwidth scheduling. A transaction-level pricing architecture based on proxy server technology is proposed for the implementation. The experiment us ing real-time test data shows that the pricing mechanism can effectively improve a VPN's transmission efficiency measured in the service we...

The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of introducing a demand side management optimisation controller to a cold thermal storage ice bank. This controller consisted of an ice bank model, an air temperature forecast model and an optimisation algorithm. The financial and grid utilisation benefits produced by implementation of this controller over the current state of the art in ic...

With the development of demand response (DR) technologies and increasing electricity demand, dynamic pricing has been a popular topic in many countries. This paper evaluates various dynamic pricing programs in the U.S. and Europe, and provides insights into various aspects including risks and rewards, enabling technologies, lower-income groups and customer types surrounding programs such as Tim...

High-frequency trading and automated algorithm impose high requirements on computational methods. We provide a model-free option pricing approach with neural networks, which can be applied to real-time pricing and hedging of FX options. In contrast to well-known theoretical models, an essential advantage of our approach is the simultaneous pricing across different strike prices and parsimonious...

the main objective of this article is to present a comparative study of capital assets pricing models (capm) with extrapolating capital assets pricing models (x-capm) of companies admitted in tehran exchange market which is accomplished for the first time by investigators of this research in iran. accordingly, the statistical population under study of this research includes all companies admitt...

The purpose of this study was to examine the expected returns of Carhart model compared to the capital asset pricing model and the implicit capital cost model based on cash and capital returns of growth and value stocks. The statistical population consisted of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain is between 2007 and 2016. By choosing Cochran sampling, 126 companies ...