Today’s, a common problem in cities is increasing delay and reducing the speed of traffic. On the other wise increasing costs of acquisition in urban area are not allow new routes and highways. Also construction of new highway or street such as Imam Ali highway and Sadr highway in Tehran lead to develop new applications (such as BRT lane ,…) And become quickly saturate and less eff...

We investigate the distribution of profits between a laboratory and two firms on the intermediate market for cost-reducing or/and demand-enhancing technology, and infer implications for the governance of R&D. The laboratory supplies tailor-made multi-dimensional R&D services at some costs, and maximizes its individual profits. Firms are interested in delegating the production of R&D services fr...

Background and Objectives: Operating rooms (ORs) are precious resources in hospitals, as they constitute more than 40% of the hospital revenues.As such, surgical cancellations are very costly to hospitals. Same-day surgery cancellations or no-shows were found to be the main contributing factor to underutilization of operating rooms (ORs) in a public-sector hospital despite the ...

Economic transitions have the potential to displace workers and cause social unrest. Coal mine closures resulting employment losses in rural areas become salient issues. Using data on coal power plant operation, we model closure as a function of expected profits, which allows us compare effects specific demand supply shocks profits. Increasing costs production had large impact closures, but low...

Many companies struggle to find the right balance between reducing costs and growing their business. It seems like an impossible equation for some, while others it is a great challenge. The main purpose of business make profit, that is, get money as result investment work done. One means increasing productivity improvements based on new ideas. Companies tend overlook one very important aspect d...