Issues related to environment are one of the most important issues that confront communities in recent decades.   Resource scarcity and the necessity of development for Iran and other similar countries requires us to deal with carbon dioxide emissions as a manifestation of environmental crisis. In this study, we assess the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions as a dependent variable wi...

Structure is a complex concept with different meanings. In this paper, I've tried, by tracing the origins of the word and history of its changes, to show its meanings and uses in urban studies. On this basis, I'll discuss how by adopting different approaches based upon different concepts of structure one can try to recognize the basic structure of the Iranian pre-modern cities and as a case I&r...

With the growing dominance of complex and multi-level urban structures, current cadastral systems, which are often developed based on 2D representations, are not capable of providing unambiguous spatial information about urban properties. Therefore, the concept of 3D cadastre is proposed to support 3D digital representation of land and properties and facilitate the communication of legal owners...

چکیده ندارد.

The study of the roles and functions of cities and their developments is an important question in modern geographic studies. The unbalanced spatial distribution of populations, irregular migration to metropolises and imbalances in the distribution of economic opportunities between regions have led to focus on the idea of ​​medium-sized cities as one of the most effective approaches to planning ...

To investigate spatial variability of soil characteristics in the most valuble forest stands in the northern Iran using geostatistical approach, a twenty hectare area in Experimental Forest Station of Tarbiat Modares University was considered. Soil samples were taken from pits, mounds, canopy gaps, under single trees and closed canopy positions at 0 - 15, 15 - 30 and 30 - 45 cm depths using cor...