the present study was an attempt to determine the types of motivation and levels of foreign language learning anxiety among efl students studying at azad and state universities in kermanshah and to determine the relationship between these two factors and language proficiency and gender. to this end, the foreign language learning motivation scale, by deci and ryan )1985(, were administered to 12...

according to cheng (1999), in recent esl/efl literature, asian (especially east asian) learners of english as a foreign/second language have been arguably reported as reticent and passive learners. the most common allegations are that these students are reluctant to participate in classroom discourse; they are unwilling to give responses; they do not ask questions; and they are passive and over...

an investigation into oral interaction in language classes: a conversation analytic point of view the aim of this thesis is to analyze the interaction between language teachers and students in english language institutes. this work is done in the context of yasuj city. learning another language, which is in most cases english, involves many variables. one of these variables is the linguistic...

This paper is a short review on the Jann and content of speech and language rehabilitation services and the trend of their institutionalization in Iran. A summary of formal education in speech and language therapy in Iran as originated by establishing a 4 year BS rehabilitation program in the College of Rehabilitation Sciences in Tehran in 1974 is given. Since then, speech and language Rehabili...

although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...

abstract following innovations in the field of elt, a new topic which has recently attracted a lot of attention is metaphor analysis. although this area of research is still in its infancy in elt, it seems that the idea can shed more light on the puzzle of english language learning and teaching. therefore, the major aim of this study is to analyze language learning and teaching in formal a...

abstract this study examines the relationship between reading anxiety and difficulty of texts as well as the relationship between reading anxiety and students perceived difficulty of the texts. since difficulty is a relative concept, i limited its definition by sticking to the readability formula. we also took students perceived difficulty levels into account. therefore, in the present study, ...

As the elderly census rising in the world, most of the developed and developing countries are engaged with implementation of many different geriatric programs in their governing agendas. As such increament includes Iran as well, Therefore providing many social, educational and economical programs which all must focus upon the elderlies well living style are considered crucial. Preserving the sp...

Aim: Regarding the importance of language in communication and the key role of hearing in it, speech quality assessment in determining the ability of an individual is an suitable index. The purpose of this study was to analyze the speech quality of MLU, lexical richness, the number of content words and function words in 6-4 years low birth bringing Deaf cochlear implant in comparison with peers...