the “driving force - pressure - state - impact – response” modeling framework isadopted to consider the formation mechanisms of environmental risks and the requirements ofecological environment protection. moreover, a systematical index system and evaluation model forthe measurement of the coastal ecological security level is put forward in this paper to assess thestate of coastal ecological en...

with the development of restructured power systems and increase of prices in some hours of day and increase fuel price, demand response programs were noticed more by customers. demand response consists of a series of activities that governments or utilities design to change the amount or time of electric energy consumption, to achieve better social welfare or some times for maximizing the benef...

national security and the different modalities used by states to guarantee and promote it may be considered as a most complex responsibility of governments. although there are different environmental conditions attributed to this notion and there exist a variety of definitions for it, us policy-makers have expanded the transnational application(s) of this concept on a daily basis. the following...

"This paper attempts to describe the nature of Zambia's demographic situation, which eventually led to the formulation of a national population policy; the policy instrument; and some of the measures necessary for the effective implementation of the policy....[The] situation is characterised by three dominant features: a high rate of natural increase, massive urbanisation, and wide variations ...

abstractexamine the concept of national security in a country, its nature, and consistency of its constituent elements and components as well as the factors threatening it requires a logical, coherent and systematic definition that will help us to have a correct analysis of the country’s situation once that definition is into practice. hence, research on the national security of the islamic rep...

China is a vast and overpopulated country in the eastern Asia whose energy security and supply is the most important factor of economic growth and consequently, economic, social and political security. By the past decades, its leaders have understood the key role of economic growth and development in the economic and political security of china. Thus, they have put all their concentration on th...

since the time conscription has become the main source of man power for armies, a development in the relation between the state and the individual has occurred. conscription became an institution for nationalistic re-socialization and a symbol for the equality of citizens. it also played an important role in the expansion of freedoms and universal suffrage. after the world war ii, a new trend t...