this study was conducted to extract first, the underlying factors of home culture attachment scale (hcas) and second, to confirm these factors via structural equation modeling (sem) analysis. to meet this end, the scale was distributed to 374 english language learners in private language institutes in mashhad, iran. to determine the construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis (...

Language modeling is critical and indispensable for many natural language applications such as automatic speech recognition and machine translation. Due to the complexity of natural language grammars, it is almost impossible to construct language models by a set of linguistic rules; therefore statistical techniques have been dominant for language modeling over the last few decades. All statisti...

We present an extension to IBM Model 1 for training word-to-word lexicon probabilities. This model takes into account a given fixed segmentation of the source and target sentences in the estimation of the statistical dictionary. Our experimentation on the Europarl corpus shows that a statistical consistent improvement in the translation quality can be achieved by including our proposed model as...

Culture is an inseparable part of a language. In other words, mastering a language and being able to communicate through it inevitably entails integrating with the culture of the speakers of that language which is the reflection of people's identity. The aim of the present study was designing a model of Iranian cultural identity. Initially, to select a homogeneous sample of learners at the adva...

Statistical business process is variously designed and implemented in different organizations. This makes it difficult to exchange the knowledge, benefit from the good practices and the cooperation between national and international organizations. In order to solve this problem and help statistical organizations discuss developing statistical metadata systems, General Statistical Business Proce...

This survey attempts to catch up with the recent increasing interests in statistical approach to natural language processing based on large corpora. First of all, a historical overview traces back to 1950s when Noam Chomsky proposed his phrase structure transformation grammar and rejected the Markov process natural language modeling. With the development of large corpora and language modeling i...

Language model is one of the most important modules in statistical machine translation and currently the wordbased language model dominants this community. However, many translation models (e.g. phrase-based models) generate the target language sentences by rendering and compositing the phrases rather than the words. Thus, it is much more reasonable to model dependency between phrases, but few ...