In accordance with the chronic disease model of opioid dependence, cessation is often observed as a longitudinal process rather than a discrete endpoint. We aimed to characterize and identify predictors of periods of heroin abstinence in the natural history of recovery from opioid dependence. Data were collected on participants from California who were enrolled in the Civil Addict Program from ...

A 37 year old Caucasian male with known alcohol dependence, was anaesthetised for the repair of a paraumbilical hernia on a day stay basis. On discharge he was instructed not to drink alcohol for 24 h. The patient developed acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms within 48 h. Alcohol abuse is a common problem. Patients with this problem occasionally present to the day surgery unit for short surgical ...

We examined the relationships of treatment, patient and research design characteristics to treatment outcome (i.e. abstinence rates) in a sample of 150 treatment conditions drawn from 100 alcohol treatment outcome studies published between 1980 and 1992. Treatment characteristics were related to abstinence rates: more intensive treatments had higher abstinence rates than less intensive treatmen...

Previous studies have reported some significant participation by gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in alcohol metabolism, similar to that by hepatic ADH. However, the localization of this ADH in the stomach is not yet determined and there has been no study on the localization of ADH in the stomach of alcoholics before and after abstinence from alcohol. The aim of the present study was to reve...

BACKGROUND This is a double blind, placebo-controlled trial that evaluated the efficacy of disulfiram, naltrexone and their combination in patients with co-occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence. METHODS 208 patients were randomized to disulfiram (250 mg/day), naltrexone (100 mg/day), the combination, or placebo for 11 weeks. Outcomes were in-trial abstinence from cocaine and/or alcohol. ...

Objective: The aim of the present research was to evaluate the psychological well-being and quality of sleep in addicts under methadone treatment for at least 6 months. Methods: A total of 40 individuals were selected through purposeful sampling method among the referring addicts to 2 addiction centers in eastern Tehran. Participants took the Ryff scale of psychological well-being (RSPWB) an...

Background and objectives : Relatively little is known about the relationship between religion and abstinence. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between religious beliefs and behaviors and the intention of premarital sexual abstinence among Iranian youths. Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional one carried out among youths of five universities in Shiraz, Iran. 577 p...

Abstinence from sexual intercourse is an important behavioral strategy for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and pregnancy among adolescents. Many adolescents, including most younger adolescents, have not initiated sexual intercourse and many sexually experienced adolescents and young adults are abstinent for varying periods of time. Th...

conclusions with growing cohort of young and middle-aged people, there is a probable risk of upsurge of ard. presently, there are dilemmas over the diagnosis of independent ard. thus, there is a need to develop evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management of ard through further systematic studies. results the prolonged and excessive use of alcohol may lead to structural and functional...