The finance–openness debate has remained a complex one to date. Some studies argue that trade and capital account openness may promote financial development by enhancing foreign direct portfolio investments. Other improve policy openness. Yet, challenge faced researchers in their quest unravel the is lack of measures take country's global interaction interconnectedness into account. Our study a...

We conducted an inquiry on the short run and long impact of energy use, trade openness, exchange rate foreign direct investment (FDI) in Indonesia from 1981 to 2015. Energy use is one key variables because host countries cannot easily anticipate short�term shortage, whereas investors interpret such shortage as indicator progress readiness manufacturing sector. error correction model explain...

T his paper examines the effect of factors on the development of commercial banking in Iraq. Seven factors used as determinates for financial depth which are per capita GDP, inflation rate, government budget deficit, share of state-owned banks of total assets as proxy of financial repression, oil sector domination, international trade openness and political stability as explanatory v...

I examine the dynamic relationship between patenting, total factor productivity and openness to trade for a sample of twelve OECD countries from 1978 to 2004. Applying a technology-industry concordance to sort patents by sector, I study the sectoral shifts within countries throughout this period using a mathematical decomposition from international trade theory, constant market share analysis. ...

This paper examines the relationship between shadow economy and trade openness in Uganda, using autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach. We find that have a long- short-run relationship. These results hold even when alternative econometric methods are used. The empirical evidence indicates more exposure to foreign significantly reduces size of economy. could imply as countries be...

The application of the generalized gravity model in analyzing the Bangladesh’s trade reveals that Bangladesh’s trade is positively determined by the size of the economies, per capita GNP differential of the countries involved and openness of the trading countries. Bangladesh’s exports are positively determined by the exchange rate, partner countries’ total import demand and openness of the Bang...

22 In the recent debate over the impact of trade reform on factor markets, it has been argued 23 that trade liberalization will lead to an increase in labor-demand elasticities — thus placing 24 labor markets under increased pressure. Using Turkish plant-level data spanning the course 25 of a dramatic trade liberalization, we test this idea. However, we are unable to find any 26 empirical suppo...