OBJECTIVE To systematically collect and evaluate existing evidence on the effects of different mechanical instruments on the surface characteristics of smooth and rough titanium surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed-MEDLINE, Cochrane-CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched up to December 2010 to identify appropriate studies. The eligible studies were controlled studies investigating titan...

Implicit surface techniques provide useful tools for modeling and rendering smooth surfaces. Deriving implicit formulations for fractal representations extends the scope of implicit surface techniques to rough surfaces. Linear fractals modeled by recurrent iterated function systems may be de ned implicitly using either geometric distance or escape time. Random fractals modeled using Perlin's no...

Implicit surface techniques provide useful tools for modeling and rendering smooth surfaces. Deriving implicit formulations for fractal representations extends the scope of implicit surface techniques to rough surfaces. Linear fractals modeled by recurrent iterated function systems may be deened implicitly using either geometric distance or escape time. Random fractals modeled using Perlin's no...

The sputtering yields of solids under ion bombardment are highly sensitive to the roughness their surfaces. Understanding how is exactly affected by different surface morphologies relevant especially for plasma-wall interaction in fusion reactors and space weathering planetary We present an analytical model that allows calculate random gaussian rough surfaces arbitrary angles incidence, taking ...