Human-carnivore conflict is a primary driver of carnivore declines worldwide and resolving these conflicts is a conservation priority. However, resources to mitigate conflicts are limited and should be focused on areas of highest priority. We conducted 820 semistructured interviews with community members living within Kenya's Maasai Mara ecosystem. A multiscale analysis was used to determine th...

heavy metals in high concentrations in soils are potential health risk for humans, animals, and plants. soil samples were collected in five replicates from 20 points with four land use including: roads, refineries, residential area (sadra town), and farmland. heavy metals were determined using flame atomic absorption (analyticjena), while dtpa was chosen as trace elements extractor. in this stu...

Protected areas cover over 12% of the terrestrial surface of Earth, and yet many fail to protect species and ecological processes as originally envisioned. Results of recent studies suggest that a critical reason for this failure is an increasing contrast between the protected lands and the surrounding matrix of often highly altered land cover. We measured the isolation of 114 protected areas d...

Female space use can have important fitness consequences, which are likely due to differential access to food resources. Many studies have explored spatial competition in solitary species, but little is known about how individuals in social species compete over shared space. In this study, we investigate spatial patterns of aggression among female East African chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schwe...

Vascular diseases of the brain are the second reason of the death and the first cause of morbidity and disability worldwide. In tropical areas stroke has some particular features related to the nature of torrid zones. There are some special causes of the stroke, mainly infectious, although some of them are non-infectious. The most important etiologies are malaria, tuberculosis, cysticercosis, s...

background and objectives : considering the effect of heavy metals (particularly lead) on intelligent quotient level , it was measured in children living in high lead areas in angouran district of zanjan province . material and methods : in this historical cohort study all( n=64 ) grade – one students living in angouran village were selected as case group. 62 other students living in low lead a...