In signal processing, four functions of one variable are commonly used. They are the signal in time, the spectrum, the auto-correlation function of the signal, and the auto-correlation function of the spectrum. The variables of these functions are denoted, respectively, as time, frequency, lag, and doppler. In time–frequency analysis, these functions of one variable are extended to quadratic fu...

Verification benefits from removing logic that is not relevant for a proof. Techniques for doing this are generally known as localization abstraction. Abstraction is often performed by selecting a subset of gates to be included in the abstracted model; the signals feeding into this subset become unconstrained cutpoints. In this paper, a novel approach to gate-level abstraction is presented, whi...

in many area of medical research, a relation analysis between one response variable and some explanatory variables is desirable. regression is the most common tool in this situation. if we have some assumptions for such normality for response variable, we could use it. in this paper we propose a nonparametric regression that does not have normality assumption for response variable and we focus ...

Symplectic methods for Hamiltonian systems are known to have favourable properties concerning long-time integrations (no secular terms in the error of the energy integral, linear error growth in the angle variables instead of quadratic growth, correct qualitative behaviour) if they are applied with constant step sizes, while all of these properties are lost in a standard variable step size impl...

Using stepwise laser-heating methods, Culler et al. (1) determined the Ar/Ar formation ages of 155 lunar impact melt beads from a soil sampled during the Apollo 14 mission. Because relatively old ages of .3 billion years (Gy) and fairly young ages of ,0.4 Gy dominate, Culler et al. concluded that the cratering rate in the inner solar system decreased by a factor of 2 to 3 during the past 3 Gy a...

In a structural time series regression model, binary variables have been used to quantify qualitative or categorical quantitative events such as politic and economic structural breaks, regions, age groups and etc. The use of the binary dummy variables is not reasonable because the effect of an event decreases (increases) gradually over time not at once. The simple and basic idea in this paper i...