green supply chain management is an environmental approach in supply chain management that aims to decrease ecological risks in products’ life cycle. closed-loop supply chain by collecting and recycling the harmful production in nature attempts to achieve this goal. in this paper, due to different strategies in collecting products, several pricing models in two-echelon closed supply chain are p...

A multi-product, multi-stage, and multi-period scheduling model is proposed in this paper to deal with multiple incommensurable goals for a multi-echelon supply chain network with uncertain market demands and product prices. The uncertain market demands are modeled as a number of discrete scenarios with known probabilities, and the fuzzy sets are used for describing the sellers’ and buyers’ inc...

in this paper, a two-echelon supply chain, which includes two products based on the following considerations, has been studied and the bullwhip effect is quantified. providing a measure for bullwhip effect that enables us to analyze and reduce this phenomenon in supply chains with two products is the basic purpose of this paper. demand of products is presented by the first order vector autoregr...

Closed loop supply chain aims at integrating return products in the traditional supply chain processes. The return flows generate new uncertain elements (returns and leadtimes) and optimization of inventory control in this context is a complex issue. Inventory policies have to generate good performances (service level, cost) and be easy to implement in practice. A supply chain model based on si...

In this paper, a three-echelon supply chain model is analyzed to determine strategies to reduce the supply chain system dynamics. Uniqueness of this research stems from the use of multiple models with varying degrees of detail representing the same supply chain. The significance of a detailed supply chain model on the quality of result is made clear. Factors employed to build an abstract to a d...

Consider a supply chain in which a product must pass through multiple sites located in series before it is finally delivered to outside customers. Incentive problems may arise in this system when decisions are delegated to corresponding site managers, each maximizing his/her own performance metric. From the overall system’s point of view, the decentralized supply chain may not be as efficient a...

In this paper, a new multi-objective integer non-linear programming model is developed for designing citrus three-echelon supply chain network. Short harvest period, product specifications, high perished rate, and special storing and distributing conditions make the modeling of citrus supply chain more complicated than other ones. The proposed model aims to minimize network costs includin...