OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from school-travel between adolescents in urban and suburban neighbourhoods and to describe its relative contribution to MVPA on school days. METHODS We measured 243 adolescents (51% male, grades 8-10) from Vancouver's walkable downtown core and its largely car-dependent suburb Surrey (fall 2011, 2013). We e...

BACKGROUND Childhood cancers typically require rigorous treatment at specialized centers in urban areas, which can create substantial challenges for families residing in remote communities. We evaluated the impact of residence and travel time on the burden of care for families of childhood cancer patients. PROCEDURE We conducted a cross-sectional, self-administered survey of 354 caregivers of...

In this paper we estimate the relationship between road capacity and vehicle miles of travel (VMT) from a sample of 12,000 respondents from 48 urban areas in the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS). Our approach seeks to account for the effects of residential location, employment location, and commute mode choice in estimating the effect of capacity on VMT. VMT is found to be ...

We followed radio-collared striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from January 2004-December 2005 in two urban areas of Flagstaff, Arizona, USA to determine seasonal patterns of movement and home-range size. We also used automated cameras to determine the potential for inter- and intraspecific interaction at skunks' diurnal resting sites and nocturnal focal locations. We found no difference between...

The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of GP services in Ireland with respect to deprivation. Seven percent of rural inhabitants live within walking distance of the nearest GP compared to 89% of city dwellers. The longest average travel times occur in the most deprived rural areas. The variation in travel times across deprivation scores was modest, particularly in city, town and...

BACKGROUND No existing measures of HIV care access consider both spatial proximity to services and provider-related characteristics in a single measure. We developed and applied a tool to: (1) quantify spatial access to HIV care services (supply) and (2) identify underserved areas with respect to HIV cases (demand), by travel mode, in Atlanta. METHODS Building on a study of HIV care engagemen...

INTRODUCTION Both socioeconomic status and travel time to cancer treatment have been associated with treatment choice and patient outcomes. An improved understanding of the relationship between these two dimensions of access may enable cancer control experts to better target patients with poor access, particularly in isolated suburban and rural communities. METHODS Using geographical informat...

The concentration of human activities in urban areas has induced an increase in travel demand. This has brought urban transport systems to considerable levels of congestion, with negative environmental effects and external diseconomies leading to a poor quality of life. Therefore quantitative methods for urban network design have been developed in order to assure more effective results. The net...