you cannot find any modern society without organizations. all societies need the organizations for achieving their diverse goals. modern professional organizations are doing many functions for their host societies such as: producing and distributing high quality products, provision of health, education, recreation and entertainment services, security and safety. the specialized organizations co...

abstract the structural and functional changes of social and political systems have led to the establishment of different grounds in administrating urban affairs. the formation and role attribution to different actors of urban ground, including government, people, civil and legislation institutions, etc, have caused the development of counter and bilateral duties and tasks between the citizens ...

Spatially organized distribution patterns of species and communities are shaped by both autogenic processes (neutral mechanism theory) and exogenous processes (niche theory). In the latter, environmental variables that are themselves spatially organized induce spatial structure in the response variables. The relative importance of these processes has not yet been investigated in urban habitats....

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) aims to increase accessibility to learning by extending the concepts of Universal Design (UD). UD arose in the field of architecture and suggests that one can increase the accessibility of an architectural feature if certain considerations are made to the design of that feature prior to its construction. The essence of UDL is to extend accessibility of a lear...

We propose UDP, the first training-free parser for Universal Dependencies (UD). Our algorithm is based on PageRank and a small set of head attachment rules. It features two-step decoding to guarantee that function words are attached as leaf nodes. The parser requires no training, and it is competitive with a delexicalized transfer system. UDP offers a linguistically sound unsupervised alternati...

Cooperation projects rooted in cultural ties, such as South-South cooperation, are contemporarily receiving unprecedented attention from the international development community. This focus on specific types of partnerships points to an increasing concern that who a development actor partners with matters. One reason behind the comparative advantage of South-South cooperation is that countries f...

A quantitative understanding of complex urban growth patterns and processes is crucial to sustainable land management and urban development planning in cities. The spatial organization of urban patterns can be treated as fractals and can be characterized with fractal dimension. However, the calculation of fractal dimension of urban form is often constrained by imperfect and incomplete higher te...