Abstract Background: Healthcare policymakers and planners use the economic burden of the disease to determine the total cost of an outcome, illness, or accident imposed on the country. The aim of this study was to calculate the direct and indirect medical costs in Covid-19 patients with critical conditions hospitalized in the intensive care unit in Golestan province. Methods: This descriptive...

  Background and Aims: Application of fluoride products is known as one of the most successful interventions to prevent dental caries. This study aimed to compare the costs of in-office fluoride therapy versus salt fluoridation in Iranian population.   Materials and Methods: In this study, the costs relating to the use of in-office fluoride therapy were analyzed using Activity Based Costing dur...

Intergenerational private transfers as a component of intergenerational relations, defined as exchang of financial and nonfinancial rsources between different generations in the family. Financial transfers are known as supply of lifeycle deficit in the old and young ages and an important factor to fullfill needs in these stages of lifecycle. The aim of the study is to recognize composition of f...

The ancient and historic site of Bisotun is one of the most reliable archaeological works of the world, which was registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2006. This research studies the economic value (including recreational value and existential value) of Bisotun Historical Complex using the Logit and Probit valuation models. The statistical population of the study was visitors to the ...

Background & Aims of study: Hospital care and paramedical services has become one of the most important and problematic issues in the field of health and critical concern of health planners and policymakers. In current study, contribution of various paramedical services costs were extracted from the total household health expenditure. Materials and Methods: The current study is a descriptive s...

abstract this study evaluates the iranian pre-university english textbook in terms of needs, objectives, content, and methodology. the study was designed on the qualitative- quantitative survey basis using interviews and questionnaires, a researcher-made textbook evaluation checklist and a needs analysis questionnaire. the textbook evaluation questionnaire was used in this study to elicit the ...