abstract the aim of the present study is to explore the impact of the cognitive reading strategy instruction on learners reading self-efficacy and their reading achievement. in order to fulfill this purpose, from 120 participants, 90 intermediate efl learners as an experimental group were chosen from three different educational settings namely, yazd university, yazd science and art un...

this study compared the different effects of form-focused guided planning vs. meaning-focused guided planning on iranian pre-intermediate students’ task performance. the study lasted for three weeks and concentrated on eight english structures. forty five pre-intermediate iranian students were randomly assigned to three groups of guided planning focus-on-form group (gpfg), guided planning focus...

abstract the present study deals with a comparison between reactive and pre-emptive focus-on-form in terms of application and efficiency. it was conducted in an intermediate english class in shahroud. 15 male learners participated in this research and their age ranged from 18 to 25. a course book, new interchange 3, and a complementary book were used. every session the learners gave lectures o...

Increasing of water consumption and demand for irrigation water in agriculture has led to an increase in reuse of treated, or even raw, municipal and industrial wastewater in many countries. Heavy metals (HMs) in these unconventional waters are one of the sources of pollution of water, soil and plant. HM toxicity in plants may eventually cause disturbances in plant growth. Accumulation of HMs i...

In order to investigate the interaction of cadmium (Cd) and different levels of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) on some physiological and morphological traits of purslane (Portulaca oleraceae) medicinal plant, an experiment was conducted in Research Greenhouse of Shahrekord University, in 2012. Nitrogen treatments were consisted of four separate application levels (60 and 120 mg N/kg soil in...

Cadmium is a toxic element in plant nutrition and is considered as a contaminant of food and feed. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to examine the effects of combined application of cadmium and zinc on responses of wheat on a clay loam soil texture. This experiment was designed in a factorial experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) and four replicates per treatment. Three...

this is an original study on the effect of a polyisobutylene – polydimethylsiloxane (pibpdms) block copolymer modifier used as an interfacial active agent on the dynamics behaviour of single newtonian drops suspended in a polyisobutylene (pib) newtonian matrix. the results were divided in two sections. the first part included the experiments carried out on the non-modified and 2% block cop...