sa'adi shirazi, as one of the greatest persian poets, was also fluent in arabic language. despite his fluency in arabic, he has few poems in this language; however these few poems show his high position among iranian poets who composed in arabic. metaphor as an important rhetoric figure would be analyzed in sa’adi’s poems to show how much the manner of metaphor use, both in terms of form o...

Most of the world languages have made strides in analyzing and classifying texts electronically; hence, use electronic text has become a great alternative to manual classification as it reduces time, cost, difficulty. However, Arabic language, analysis not progressed due several limitations faced by researchers this field, such complexity lack related research, well classical language. In addit...

the influence of social conditions on literature is an issue that many critics and scholars confirm and prove it; as duality is one of the manifestations of the influence of social conditions on the poet. it means that whenever the ambitions and beliefs of poet opposes the social facts, the duality will manifests in his poetry. the reality that the contemporary poets live in, imposes strong con...

it is obvious that literature means prose and poetry and makes no difference either by arabs or non – arabs. but symbolism in the arabic concept has emerged since the emergence of the dark era’s literature and is loaned from the specific characteristics of dark era’s lives and is based on two elements: brevity and indirect speech. since the symbolism has emerged like a literary school generally...

human history has been witness to the emergence of great men and women who illustrated the sufferings and wishes of mankind. they have bravely put in hard effort to resist long-standing and reactionary traditions of their own society and to fight oppressors, and at the same time, the comfort-seeking opportunists have endeavored to derail their efforts and to project a tarnished image of these c...

yahyaal-samawi, iraqi poet, is one of the most prominent figures of resistance literature and contemporary arabic poetry. al-samawi defended his motherland with his poems, and in this course he went through torture, adversary, and moving out of his land. he started writing his resistance poems during ba’athist rule in iraq under saddam. he played an important role in opposing saddamists’ misgui...

salm ibn amr khasir the first abbasid poet born in basra.he was a pupil and narrator of the poet bashar ibn burd. he acquired his nickname (the loser),when he sold a copy of the quran in exchange for a book of verse; other explanations are also given. when young,he moved to baghdad and became a panegyrist of the ‘abbasid caliphs,the barmakids, in especial fadl barmaki,and other leading persons....

abounovas is of unique character who has  always stimulates old and new critics to battle against each other as far as each person makes a character for him based on their understanding and special orientation instead of discovering his true  character. to recognize his real character ,however, his biography must be reread and to have a correct and real conclusion we have to refer to  reliable ...