Ground based ionosonde measurements are the most essential source of information about long-term variations in the ionospheric E and F1 regions. Data of such observations have been derived at many different ionospheric stations all over the world some for more than 50 years. The standard parameters foE, h’E, and foF1 are used for trend analyses in this paper. Two main problems have to be consid...

A variety of animals use Earth's magnetic field as a reference for their orientation behaviour. Although distinctive magnetoreception mechanisms have been postulated for many migrating or homing animals, the molecular mechanisms are still undefined. In this study, we found that zebrafish, a model organism suitable for genetic manipulation, responded to a magnetic field as weak as the geomagneti...

Time varying ionospheric currents caused by geomagnetic storms originating from the Sun induce electric currents in expansive technological networks located on the Earth’s surface. These so-called geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can be damaging to the systems in which they 9ow. The ability to estimate the magnitude of GICs is, therefore, desirable in order to mitigate any serious e:ects...

[1] Global observations of electron density profiles from the COSMIC satellites are used to investigate, for the first time, the altitudinal dependence of the ionospheric response to the recurrent geomagnetic activity at different latitudinal regions during the extreme solar minimum period of 2008. Our results show that the 9-day oscillations in NmF2 are out of phase with those in Kp at high la...

[1] The ionosphere’s total electron content (TEC) is a parameter widely used in studies of the near-Earth plasma environment. The scientific use of TEC appeared early in the artificial satellite era, and among its many contributions were fundamental insights into how the ionosphere responds to geomagnetic storms. While many excellent reviews of solar-terrestrial disturbances exist in the litera...

This paper discusses the estimation of zonal geomagnetic indices two super activities 2015 in 24th solar cycle. It estimates (Dst, ap, AE) 17 March and 22 June storms with an artificial neural network model . The that happened are considered on wind parameters (B z , E, P, N, v, T) obtained from NASA coordinated data analysis web. Descriptive values variables indicated, binary correlations show...