in the past couple of decades sociocultural theory of sla and its implications in efl contexts have attracted attentions of research circles worldwide and aroused some controversies. firth and wagner (1997) have questioned the principles of the cognitive view which gives importance to mental constructs in favor of sociocultural view which highlights social and contextual constructs. but if soci...

abstract this study is an attempt to determine the effect of nano- technology education on science lesson for fifth grade in primary school in the city of kermanshah. this research is experimental and is conducted in the from of pre-test and post- test for the control group. an achievement test was administered to determine the rate of learning in the students. the research is an applied one. ...

within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

abstract the first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising (c-r) activities on learning grammatical structures (simple present tense in this case) by iranian guidance school efl learners. the second one was to investigate the effect of gender on learning the simple present tense through c-r activities and tasks. finally, this study aimed to investigate the ...

هدف از این تحقیق بررسی رابطه ی ممکن میان تیپ های شخصیتی، شیوها ی یاد گیری، و بکارگیری راهبرد های یادگیری زیان دوم است. در این تحقیق از پنجاه دانشجوی رشته مترجمی زبان انگلیسی وپنجاه دانشجوی رشته ی ادبیات زبان انگلیسی استفاده شد. همچنین از انان خواسته شد تا به سه پرسشنامه پاسخ دهند. پرسشنامه ی اول (strategy inventory for language learning) شامل سوالاتی بود که میزان استفاده ی دانشجویان از استراتژی...

the present study was conducted to investigate the role of summary in teaching grammar process on pre-university students. to this end, 48 male pre-university students in semnan were participants. they were math class that we called experimental group and science class as control group. in order to make sure there was no significant difference in proficiency level of two groups. a pre-test wa...

this study investigated the effects of planning on second-language written production with regard to task type. the participants were 75 iranian learners of english as a foreign language attending a private foreign language institution. they were asked to complete two different types of writing tasks (expository writing task and argumentative writing task) in different planned conditions (indiv...