Because of climatic constraints, agriculture in temperate areas of India is mostly limited to a single grain crop. During winters vegetable or oilseed crops may be cultivated at the lower altitudes but the higher altitudes remain barren due to snow cover. Horticulture, another important pursuit of farmers is again limited to summers. In order to supplement their income, the farmers in these are...

Two of the ways in which air travel affects climate are the emission of carbon dioxide and the creation of high-altitude contrails. The latter have been found to potentially play a major role in climate change accounting for the largest impact from the aviation sector. One possible strategy for reducing the impact of air travel on climate change is to significantly reduce the formation of contr...

The results of streamflow trend studies are often characterized by mostly insignificant trends and inexplicable spatial patterns. In our study region, Western Austria, this applies especially for trends of annually averaged runoff. However, analysing the altitudinal aspect, we found that there is a trend gradient from higher-altitude to lower-altitude stations, i.e. a pattern of mostly positive...

The viable micropopulation at three altitudes (152, 1,066, and 1,981 meters) of a land air mass as it traversed an ocean was determined. At the low altitude, a consistent pattern of decrease in numbers of land-originating microorganisms with increasing distance from shore was observed. At the higher altitudes, the observed pattern was one of irregularity. At the lower altitude the percentages o...