Drinkability of water is determined based on its physical, chemical, and microbial properties. Undesirable changes in these parameters could threaten the health of consumers. The present study aimed to assess the physical, chemical, and microbial parameters of the drinking water sources in Sanandaj, Iran and compare them with the national standard values. This descriptive, cross-sectional study...

Chemical analysis studies were conducted for four populations of switchgrass (Alamo, Kanlow, GA993, and GA992), Panicum virgatum L., which were partitioned into leaves, internodes, and nodes. The variations in carbohydrate compositions, lignin and extractives content, higher heating value (HHV), and the syringyl:guaiacyl ratio of switchgrass were determined. The experimental results indicated t...

This study investigated the effects of accidental contamination soils with phenol, toluene, nitric acid, and hydrogen fluoride (HF) by simulating chemical leakage in soil with/without rain characterizing resulting metabolites microbial. In case acid leakage, pH cation exchange capacity were decreased, content ion was increased HF leakage. Using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis, phy...

We have used molecular biological methods to study the distribution of microbial small-subunit rRNAs (SSU rRNAs), in relation to chemical profiles, in offshore Lake Michigan sediments. The sampling site is at a depth of 100 m, with temperatures of 2 to 4 degrees C year-round. RNA extracted from sediment was probed with radiolabeled oligonucleotides targeting bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic ...

  Background and Aims:Nosocomial infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality and pose high financial burden on healthcare systems. Although surface contact, surgical incisions, wounds and catheters are responsible for a high percentage of nosocomial infections, bacterial and fungal air contaminations in hospitals have an important role in development of hospital infections. The p...

Fish sauce is a fermented product which is used in south Asian countries. In the present study, Caspian Kilka was used to produce the sauce, using either cooked or raw fish subjected to four different treatments: 1) traditional method, where fish and salt were used; 2) an enzymatic method, where fish, salt and proteolytic enzymes, including Protamex and Flavourzyme (Novo Nordisc Co., Bagsvaerd,...

BACKGROUND Culture-independent molecular surveys targeting conserved marker genes, most notably 16S rRNA, to assess microbial diversity remain semi-quantitative due to variations in the number of gene copies between species. RESULTS Based on 2,900 sequenced reference genomes, we show that 16S rRNA gene copy number (GCN) is strongly linked to microbial phylogenetic taxonomy, potentially under-...