نتایج جستجو برای: collective dose
تعداد نتایج: 364755 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Collective management in the field of copyright and related rights which bridge the gap between the rights and interests of the right holders and users, plays an important role in the promotion of intellectual property rights and its economic implications in the society, in particular on digital age. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) which follows the goal of protection of IP righ...
introduction: skin sparing is one of the most desirable characteristics of high energy photon beams. however, the photons emerging from the target of linacs are contaminated by secondary electrons as a result of their interactions with air, collimators, flattening filter and any other objects in their path. this phenomenon tends to increase the skin dose received b...
Background and Objectives: The radiation protection of patients in CT examinations is important due to its wide application and high contribution in collective dose of public, and its radiation effects. The purpose of this study was to estimate the mean patient dose indices in chest and abdomen/pelvic examinations as the first step in patient radiation protection process. Materials and Methods...
This study aimed to analysis structural relationships of professional learning community and teacher commitment with mediator role of collective efficacy. In order to do so, 323 Elementary teachers of Jiroft city were chosen as the research sample through cluster sampling. Required data regarding the variables of research were collected using the questionnaire of school professional learning com...
Discovery of x-ray and using of it for medical imaging have produced tremendous outcomes for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. More than 10 million diagnostic radiological procedures and 100,000 nuclear medicine exams are being performed daily around the world. According to the national commission on radiological protection and measurements (NCRP)-report 160, medical x-ray is contribute to a...
examinations are performed every year in Belgium. With a mean dose 0,5 mSv, the annual collective dose from CT could induce up to 450 cancer. This number has to be compared to the 45 000 observed new cancers yearly. The deleterious effect of scanner radiation is thus undetectable among cancers induced by smoking, alcohol, and western diet. Risk from radiation is based on cancer mortality rates ...
background: in vivo dosimetry is a method for estimation of overall error in the delivered dose to the patients at the end of radiotherapy process. in this research, two methods for target dose calculation were evaluated on midline and central axis of photon beams in in vivo dosimetry of thorax fields. materials and methods: entrance and exit doses for anterior and lateral fields of thorax were...
introduction: esophageal cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers in iran and having a high incidence rate among other countries. radiotherapy is one of the three methods (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) for radical or palliative treatment of esophageal cancer. in this method of treatment, the organs such as heart and spinal cord are regarded as organs at r...
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